車用永磁同步馬達之主動短路保護策略設計

本文提出一套適用於電動車用永磁同步馬達之主動短路保護策略，透過控制功率模組之開關狀態，主動約束系統能量之流動路徑。當系統發生異常時，該策略可使故障電流侷限於馬達驅控器與馬達之間，避免能量逆灌至直流母線，進而降低高壓電池及其他關鍵元件的損壞風險，提升整體車輛系統之安全性與可靠度。文章內容涵蓋主動短路保護策略之控制原理與設計考量，最後以一顆電動車用永磁同步馬達作為實例進行模擬驗證，結果顯示所提出之策略能有效達成故障保護目的，具備應用於電動車及其他馬達驅動系統之實務可行性。

This article presents an active short-circuit protection strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems in electric vehicle (EV) applications. By controlling the switching states of the power semiconductor devices, the proposed strategy regulates the energy flow paths within the system. Under abnormal conditions, fault currents are confined between the motor drive and the PMSM, thereby preventing energy backflow to the DC bus and mitigating the risk of damage to the high-voltage battery and other critical components, which enhances overall vehicle safety and reliability. The control principles and design considerations of the active short-circuit strategy are discussed in detail. Simulation studies conducted on a 150 kW EV-grade PMSM validate that the proposed strategy effectively achieves fault protection and demonstrates practical applicability to EVs and other motor drive systems.