產業脈動｜全球半導體產業與主要國家半導體政策推動在地製造趨勢

在AI應用需求持續推動下，2025年全球半導體市場預期將維持強勁表現。然而，川普政府的關稅政策可能對全球經濟造成影響，故需特別關注其潛在衝擊。在全球地緣政治風險與技術競爭加劇下，半導體產業已成各國戰略核心。美國以晶片法案與關稅並行，推動製造回流；歐盟藉晶片法案強化在地生產與供應鏈韌性，惟進度與市占目標面臨挑戰；日本則透過政策框架與資金機制改革，加速先進製程與本土供應鏈布局。整體趨勢顯示，全球半導體供應鏈正由市場導向轉為政策驅動，企業須因應政策變化與區域風險，調整布局以維持競爭力。

Driven by sustained demand for AI applications, the global semiconductor market is expected to maintain strong performance in 2025. However, potential tariff policies of the Trump administration may impact the global economy, warranting close attention to their possible repercussions. Amid escalating geopolitical risks and intensifying technological competition, the semiconductor industry has become a strategic focal point for many nations. In the United States, the CHIPS Act and tariff measures are being used in tandem to promote domestic manufacturing. The European Union is leveraging its own CHIPS Act to strengthen local production and supply chain resilience, though progress and market share targets face notable challenges. Japan, meanwhile, is accelerating its deployment of advanced manufacturing processes and domestic supply chains through reforms in policy frameworks and funding mechanisms. Overall, the global semiconductor supply chain is shifting from a market-driven model to one increasingly shaped by policy. To remain competitive, companies must adapt their strategies in response to evolving policy landscapes and regional risks.